Membership fee e.g. workers Unions (recurring) or e.g. NFT communities (one off)

Tax on transactions e.g. network fees in blockchain ecosystems (based on number of transactions) or VAT (based on size of transaction)

Revenue, Income, or Profit share e.g. income tax

Equity appreciation

Resources have 3 modes of managing access:

• market based ⇒ scarcity
• public (state managed) ⇒ coercion
• commons (civil society) ⇒ values